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WSWS : v^W h` |@L;n : a`y`v sh \`Nkr kl`py

n#@gnr @m~r@Y "qhs" :m`y`v sh y}`}y

East Timor's "independence": illusion and reality

mK @hD h` Nd` t#nN @b~M
2002 m# 18

m# 20 q` m[&m r`y p vh`m n#@gnr @m~r@Y d` j` gny 21 vn yv@S }m nv qhS rt @ls k`\yt pW @k@r a#w. agvr l s#mr#M m[&@Y, eKsW j`N@G mh@LkM @k` anN, jnp pqyt @W pWv a# sn`n` Sn`O @vw w&`lv bly pvr` @Q\@Y 800,000K jny` qhS bv k`\ kr a#w.

n#@gnr @m~r a`N@V "qhS n v#dsthN" nM @vB ady pvsn a`k`ryt "nv sh@Y }m j`kWvy h` @l`v nvwm j`wNy @m~ry v a#w. ytW wX`v@Y 500 vsrkt h` sNnQ[ argl@Y 25 vsrkt pv, @m~r jnw`v oN ewrM ز klK aph@vN stN kr lb` gW qhs avs`n@Y v#l> g a#w."

@mm kM y`p$Mvl v&`j X`vy s#mr#M Nm m @p@N. uWsvyN @Vk`gw mt pv`, Ek`bQ[ aд`hkWvy s>h` w#Vk`rkM mt sA[`ykyNt blkr l#b a#w. "k#m QglyNt s#mr#Mvl isVvkt aд`hkWvy q#Ky h#k. a@nW ayt m`nvN aдh mt Uvn" @vB ady k`\ kr. wmN@G sMm`q@M m`nyt av, [`n sASk^k uWsvy q a#lW isV nM @M ay aд`hkyNt @B.

aд`hkyNt l#@bn a@nW l`Xvlt oN@G nM h` l`Acn; vN y h` r$pv`y mN c`rny m; b#nR, smr# -;RT h` y qhS n @vl> X`Nd mw s>hN m adA @V. @y~w j`k ur#m uq&`n@Y (National Legacy Park) i @k@rn "@r~[@Y ;yN" t k#p lkymW aд`hk nM qR\ny kr. v&`p`kyN h` w QglyN v pw&`g mt gNv l#@b. "oV, at \`l sh@y~gyK av\& y" @vB ady ay. nW "s$m aytm @k`tsK r< q#Ky h# vn p ap aд`hkWvyN skS @k`t a#w."

\`lwm pw&`gkr#vN vN@N OS@y`v h` @m~ry awr v# @bn @m~r p@L @y~[ ΎvN @d`lR yn gnN l`X l#mt n @wL h` g$S sm`gM vn PS @pT@r~yM, @;L, os`k` g$S h` DsD enR @v. @M av, "qhs" k`\yt pW m ;mj`y @wL v&`p`kyN@gN l#@bn pw&`gyN mw r>` pvWn` bv s`[ny @V.

rtvL 80K shX` vn bv eKsW j`N y` y q wmN shX` vn bv whr# @k`t a#W@W r`j& [`N 4 @q@n pm. @mm r`j& hwr, n#@gnr @m~ry l K;k a`Rk h` @l~p`k a`yyN sw j`N @y~jny kr. R{ k`n ytW w p`lk  p^g`ly wm jn`p @mN m agm#vry` q shX` krv a#w. s#mMvN pv e @y~w@y~ wm @vl> h` r`j&w`Nk @y~jny \KmW kr g#m s>h` p^ X`;`v k}` krn j`N@G sM@MlnyK k#>vN s#b$ r`jk`yt b a#w.

n#@gnr @m~ry l p^g`l@Y [`n v`y` h` [`n `@Qy bly vn OS@y`v, agm# @j~N @h`v`RDv tW kr yv a#w. uWsvyt yNwM sykt @pr, @h`v`D a`Nv, n#@gnr @m~r@Y agm# ryt @W pW n @M aL w`v VIP (a @|; QglyN s>h` X`w` krn) @jT y`nyN k#Nbr` @vw @gn @Y y. e , aL w`, @tR sNrS (Greater sunrise) kl`p@Y \`l @Q\yK - @m~r @Q \`l @wL h` g$S ΎvN ekK bvt w&K; - mN OS@y`vt pvr` mt d` j`y b#m s>h` bly p`C krn @ls o@gN iLl` X`Nd`g`k tR @k`S@t@l~, @Q\ a#m a#@lKs#NdR @d~nR h` a`rK;k a#m @r`bT Lv hy. @M avS}`@V Rn ek<w`vkt p#mt asmW v q, nv j`@Y }m "qhS" y`v @ls yM a`k`ryk mkt m# 20 n aWsN wb lbn bv OS@y` rjy av[`rny krN .

1999 ag OS@y`@V n#@gnr @m~r t K@Y ˚& k`vK r< q#K h` s#ly l& v` a# nvlNwy, agm# @hlN Kl`RKv shX` krv a#w. e@hW [`n a`r`wy` vN@N iNy` jnp @mg`v kR@n~y. @qsykt @pr, shX` vn @ls @mg`vt kNnlV mt Sn`O vN sAc`ry k@L y. `Nw @Q\@Y iNy` kM aWh#r q#m wvmW K@p krN n iNy` t sAS}`w@Y s#ly S}ryN@G @r~[yt n @qN a#y wm rny @Vqny k@L avsN @m`@h`@W y. @mg`v ߊ a#W@W p#y hwrK pmnK v q, vr`@Y r>v` wb l#@bn n`k y``vK h` a#y@G Qgk t a`rK;k Xtk`y mN k#v y`m wN iLl` y` y. @snr`q`, n#@gnr @m~r@Y a`k rjyt p#h# anr# a#<mK krN iNy` vK skl n`k y`` 5K Kj@Y g#v@s qhS n s#mr#M S}`ny @p@nn m`n@Y t q#k gw h# y.

1975 iNy`@V n#@gnr @m~r a`mn@Y h` t a``q`yk hR@w~ yt@W iNy` t@Y OS@y`v h#r# t [`nwm aд`hky` vn eKsW jnpqy t jn`p L KNtN shX` krv.

smSw m, d` r`j& k#bW@W p#v#m mw a`pw&y qrn sb>w`vNt a# Ll ز kr: [`k`r@Y @g~y h` `@Qy blyNt, [`n @wL sm`gMvlt h` aNwRj`k l& sAS}`vNt - @l~k b#Av h` j`a - g# bv, n#@gnr @m~ry arxN@N a`y`@V PpWm rt sh @l`v vd`Wm ċ rtvN ekK @lsW a\y k @Sv`, @Q\`[`r h` ny s>h` @n` nvn a`y`cnyN@gN @w`rv ywly @h~ phkM s#pmt asmW rtK @lsW y. @d`lR yn 100k }m vs@R ayv#y, @s_&, a[&`pny, v`s h` a@nW aw&v\& av\&w` lb`mt @Kqjnk @ls m`nvW @n` v a# awr rt aX&Nwr a`q`yM mN s#py h# v a#W@W @Mv`N @nN ekK pm.

wm sh`yky h` sAS}`gw aд`hkyNt aд`hkv n#@gnr @m~r a`Nv pvWn` m`nytm eyt kt mt q h# v a#w. uq`hrnyK @ls, eKsW j`N@G pp`ln [` sR@y~ @Yr` @m@l~ m`R 12 n n#@gnr @m~r a#m mNdlyt q#M N@N m# 20 nt p eKsW j`N wv rtW my h` v&vS}`my sh@y~gy, aNwRj`l @V\y, sA@Q\ phkM c`y` tpW @Sv` h` v`hn ndW @M phkM spyN@N  n# bv . aNwR j`k X`;` pvRwkyN v&vS}` pR;qy l smg` pvRwn @Sv` y`vt n#m n#v#Wy h# awr qL s#pm s>h` a@nW l`yN@gN arqL nyt @n`gw@h`W r$pv` h` vN @Sv` vs` q#@m l#y h#k.

n#@gnr @m~r jny`, iNy` t@Y h` y`@V an@qNnN@G cNdWvyt h` wRjnyNt a@y~g krN iNy`@vN @vNmt bl @ls cNqy p`C k@L q#nt vsr @qkhm`rkt @pr 1999 a@g~S 30 q` y. cNqy avsN vh`m kl y` cNdWv@Y qhS gnN s`m`n& jny` mr` qm l# y. y qhS gnN @qn`v iNy` btr @m~ryt b@lN yv l# awr `Nw@Y v`s, p`sL, @r~hL h` @p` phkM a#lW ywl phkM @b`@h`myK n`\ kr qm l#h.

ŵ s#mr#M y`v@Y @g_rvyt p` a`Nv avs`n h@Y @Kqv`ckyt vgv y. o n#@gnr @m~r jnw`vN q\k gnn`vK r` wm a`Rk h` @l~p`k @m@hMvl iWwN @ls X`w` klh. q#N, @mm nv ċ r`j& k#bWw ar`j&v` dnyt h` mNnyt e@r mhjnw`vN@G Sv`n bl g#N@m ly vnv` @vvt em p#v#Wm s>h` em Sv`n ar`j&v` blyN mw sMRn@yNm r>` .

ar`j&v` dn@Y v`Rw`vK

SbN sl`s`R - k#@yt`@n~ f#ST pp`lny > v# 1974 qKv`m, @l`v vd`Wm u_n sAvRw @Q\vN ekK @ls @|; n#@gnr @m~ry mw an@y~ w ak`ry, p^g`ly K Nq` y. 1975 yTn`m@Y bl pr`jyK aW@mN pv, @TN N w n#@gnr @m~r@Y a`k qhS v&`p`ry iNy` @k`@qV @Q\ aS}`vr kr a#w# eKsW jnpq h` OS@y` a`N yh. 1975 @qs#Mbr@Y aR[ Nt` a`mny mt hR@w~ Nt`v y`k` @ls @p`lxv l# y. Il< @qq\ky r`, @m~r @r~[y 200,000k wvl yq@mN r# iNy` mRqnyt lKmt s$m eKsW jnpq h` OS@y` a`NvKm aNdv bly s#p y.

ynykt a`sNn kMkr#vN h` @g`N@G mrn q#kgW, eKsW jnpq h` OS@y` bly l# iNy` mhjnw`vNt e@r mNnyN sAS}`pny hR@w~@G wNy m btr @l~p`k h` @vl> av\&w`vN@G a`rK;k prK @ls slk l# y.

1978 , @m~r p@L vn` @wL h` g$S Ύ pvWn` bv whr# @mN p, iNy` n#@gnr @m~r a$>` g#m l vs@yN gW @l`v }my` bvt OS@y`v pWy. vm`r#@V iNy`v, @m~r @Q sMpWvl ay h` p`lny mw OS@y`v smg s`kCc` a#r y. OS@y` VIP @jT y`nyk p#v s`ʦ s`qyk @h~K@G @LbR a`Nv N 1989 aWsN w# @m~r ankr m (Timor Gap Treaty) l s`kCc` t `Pyt pWy. m q yt @kWvl \`lwm @k`ts OS@y`vt .

e@hW a`Rk h` @Q\p`lk @vnSM k#Nbr` gnN b#M K;y m a#r y. \`l @wL h` g$S Ύ @s`y` g#m, wm p#r ytW w @Q\@Y p^g`l av\&w` y `nvW k@L y. n#@gnr @m~r@Y Sbn@Y Sv`pw&y eKsW j`N N wvmW g lbn w l, @l~k akrny l iNy`-OS@y` g@qv Sbn@Y a@y~gyt lK y. akrn@Y bly g#m iNy`v K@p kl w l @y~g mK qKv` ey iyt gmN @n` kl q 1995 |cyk`rvr# k`\ k@L eKsW j`N@G אPy yt@W p^g`lyt vlA av`kmK bv .

iNy` rjy b> @v`Ntn@Y a`kLpy 1990 gnN m#q X`gy vn t |w @vnSkmkt lK@vN . `@Qy @p`Sk`ry @ls wvmW wK@Sr# p#v@Y v hR@w~@G w h` ` sAhv` wNy, sMpWvN a`d& iNy` a`Rky @g~y `G[nyt sMRn@yN vr mt b`[kyK bvt pW . 1997 , eKsW jnpqy j`a h` @l~k b#Av hrh` y`k` @vN lt a``q`yky`v apRyt pW mt a`y` l& aRq@Y v`y lb`gW@W y. @r~p` sAgm@Y bly sh n#@gnr @m~r@Y eKsW j`N@G @y~w pqy n`gN, p^g`ly, v`q`yk wWv@Y kvK q#kgW@W r`j& w`Nk h`ryK yW k@L y.

eyt amwrv p^ ak`, Sn`O, @h`Rw`, aL w` h` a@nW @m~r n`ykWvyN n`g#m ( b` g#m) a#rh. 1998 a@L m`s@Y hR@w~ @r~ @plp` iNy`v r` awr, Sbnyt r# sM@Mlnyk @m~r @r~[@Y j`k kNly (CNRT ) ӵv l# y. CNRT n`yk@y~, hR@w~t kMkr#vN@G h` ;&yN@G v&`p`ry l iNy` dnyt e@r blvW Xy yN @vvt "vd`W rKw h` a@PKw psryK" X`rkr#vN @ls wmNtm a`@y~jkyN y h# avS}`vK q#kgWh. n#@gnr @m~r@Y "SvyA-Rny" s>h` vn CNRT @Y i qR\nyt, ar`j&v`qyt e@r argly @h~ @m~r jnw`vN@G av\&w` a`rK;` m sm< sMbN[yK p#v@Y n#w. It lv, e eLlv p#v@Y, @Qy wNyt k΍ shkr#v @ls y`k` y h# @vnm r`j&yK S}`pny m s>h` E @h~ @M [np bl@Y - p^g`ly @h~ OS@y`v - bly n`g#m . @M s>h` k l`X @qkK y`vt q#mt CNRT y @p`@r`N y: S}`vrWvy - @m`r jnw`vN awr k#lLlt pWvN m#m - sh v@N Sv`X`k sMpW - @|;@yNm @wL - r`k$m mw pqnM l`X.

iNy` rjy smg wm sp h` @b`@h~ l`Xq` sMbN[w` \KmW kr g#mt uWs`h qrN k#Nbr`v p^g`l@Y a`rMXkWvyNt c`r q#K y. iNy` S@@vX`vy pvWv`@gn y`@M @h`>m up`y @ls w Svp`ln@Y Gg# k`lm`vK n#@gnr @m~rvr#Nt ipW m, iyt y`@M @h`>m m`vw y h# bv @y~jn` krN, @h`v`D 1998 ag X`g@Y hR@w~@G krqrk` a`Pk .@J. ht y.

wm \`l l& n`Sykt mn p`N h` ;&yN h` kMkr#vN@G @n` nvn ashnk`Wvy mN wRjnyt lK kr l# 1999 l X`g@Y h, n#@gnr @m~ryt avsN @VqnyK W k@L y: eK@k~ m`s pyK a#lw pvWv lbn yM a`k`ryk "mhjn sM@MlnyK" hrh` iNy` p`lny yt@W Svp`lny g! n#w@h`W `Nw@Y y qL sMX`ryN, @Sv`vN h` ywl phkM ivW kr a#Ww` iNy`v N kr lbn K;k a`p g#@M "kRk\ wWvy" t n @q!

h@G @y~jn`v p^g`l n&`y py smg @m`nvt g#l. eKsW j`N@G aдhy hrh` @m~r jnw`vN@G mmK mn a`k`ryN vW @n` @k`t p^g`ly, iNy`v smg m# 5 n qrn ek<w`vkt s gW@W, eKsW j`N N aK;ny kr lbn e@hW iNy` p`lny yt@W @m@hyv lbn jnmw c`rnyK pvWv a# bvt y. @vNmt pvWvn cNqyN iNy` bly lbn y`v yr# v#@t a#w# @h`N qW CNRT n`ykWvy l cNq mmt r#Q[ y. nW, cNdWv@Y h#N ivW m eKsW j`Nt h` btr blyNt CNRT y k#>v` rjy l S}`pny mt bl kr a#w# gnN blN o vh` m`Rgyt agw h. eKsW j`N@G mNn vsA @k`t wm p^ v`y` ivW mt OS@y` rjy mNn s#lM k@L y. n#@gnr @m~ry mw iNy` Sv`pw&y s>h` wm ز k`n amwy (mn`py) pvWv` gNm, OS@y` av\&w` rKw kr g#mt, @h`v`D a`Nv, @qvn kLpy vn a`mk hq`vK Sm - yTn`m Q[@yN p \`lwm OS@y` t k#>m - y`vt q#m a#r y. iNy` k#@nT@V h` ihl t ak`@Y s#lM b>v Qmy anvrwyN hrh` @h`v`D sh o@G i @pl am`w&vr# sMRn v  (pRnvm) q#vW y. On$m y` cNdWvyK, OS@y`v N w t y`k`rkm y`vt q#mt av\& m`nvwv` @vSn spy` @q a# bvt @h`v`D a`Nv gnN b# y.

n#@gnr @m~r jny` "a`rK;` @M" kRwv&@yN a`vrny 1999 s#Pw#Mbr@Y m#q OS@y` Xt kNd`yM @g`dbn smy vn t q S {`wny v . nW @h`v`D, a`Nv eKsW j`N@G iNtR@fT hq`vt n`ykWvy @qN, eKsW j`N kvr pp`lnyK ӵvW s$@hn avS}`vK iLl` @M wWvy wmNm sks` @gn y` y.

r#Q[ p`R|vy m lb

@mm @Lv# M g h#r# awrm, n#@gnr n`yk@y~ mhjn @r~[yK v#l#Kmt y` klh. eKsW j`N@G cNq mm @pr @mN m pv q o @r~[y p$M h` @plp`vlt r#Q[ h. mr`q#M iyt a#mt id @qN, Sn`O, f`NL gLl` stN kr#vNt iNy` y` cNdWvyt e@rv h`r @n` @qn @ls @y~g k@L y. jnmw c`rn@yN n 5 kt p 1999 s#Pw#MbR 4 n "L Q[yK y vth` g l#y h#" b#N y`m`RgyK gw @n` h# bv CNRT yLlK wN y` @Y y. oN@G [`n av\&w`v @Y btr bly aNwr`ykt yvn vK @n` kr l#m .

@my, eKsW j`N S}`pny kl n#@gnr @m~ry s>h` w`vk`k pp`lny (UNTAET)@ls oN@G (CNRT j`w&Nwr) s#k#Sm >y. l ptNm @m~r n`ykWvy whr# kr l#@V avAk j`wNv` shX`WvyK v#l#Kmt .

cNqyK @h~ mhjn mw mmK @n` kr, w kvL r`j&yk blwl UNTAETt pvr l# y. @h~Rw` sh Sn`O@G bly lW eKsW j`N@G pp`lk sR@y~ @Yr` @m@l~ eKsW j`N@G l[ryN@gN h` aN a#> gW @m~r @Q\p`lkN@gN s#M lW am`w&`A\ pW krN, ab`w ak`ry pvWv`@gn @Y y. @m@l~ smg spv y` kl Sn`O jn`p a`rK;ky` @ls slk l# awr p#r gLl` v&`p`ry @N v&`p`ry `@y~k r`j& pK;yK bvt pWy.

eKsW j`N@G R{ blpyK s>h` y``  kl n#@gnr @m~r n`yk@y~ y` y`k`Wvy y mm v#l#K@M v`v yt@W qhS gnN eKsW j`N@G hq` h` @p`y p`lnyt @y`qv` g#@M q# k#m#W@wN yh.

@vNv y`@M cNqy pvWv` vsr @qkK py a@g~S m`sy qKv`m v&vS}`q`yk mNdlyK s>h` m#vrn @n` p#v#W awr Ev` q# @Q\p`lk m`krnyk r>v` g l# y. Sn`O@G bl@M y`pA @Q\p`ln pK;vlt arN e@nk` @VcnyN v#l@M j`k sm mK aWsN w#mt @Y j`k sm@Y pp`lnyK skS mt h` sm`rMXk jnp @ls ot sh`y mt . m`[&yN h` eKsW j`Nt nM @TN jyhny Rv@yN kl gmnyK y.

q# dny y v, s`m`n& n#@gnr @m~r v#yN sh eKsW j`N@G wNyW oN@G sh`ykyW awr vn s#ly @Hqy h` ashny cNq@yN an`vrny k@L y. @N v&`p`ry an`v# pl kl bl bwry @vvt cNq@Y ont l#@N yyt 57K pm.

E h` smgm v`@G, @vnW m#vrnyK avm vs@yN vsr 5K s>h` v#l#Kmt @ny kt a#r y. a@nW kNd`yM sMmw sX`gyK atvN sX`@V @nN @qkk bwryK sMRn kr gW @ny v&vS}`v sMp`qny @M ay wb`gW@W y. v&vS}`v b>  jnmw c`rnyK @n` pvWv a# bv e n`yk@y~ iNp k`\ k@L pK;v @h~ pK;v cNqy mt jnw`vt a# ay K;y kr. @my ayN, p`lk sX`vm r@T }m p`R@MNv @ls S}`pny krn bv @Vqny k@L @ny mh m#vrnyK s>h` vn av\&w`vK 2007 qKv` ph kr.

m# 20 q` qKv` `rMXk k`lm`@V p#v#W ekm Nq mm - jn`vvrny - Rn hsnyK y. eKsW j`N pmnK @n` v @l~k m`[&@y~ q Sn`O ihNm jygW bv k`\ klh. pnw t jnp s`yR @d~ amr`L sA@Kw`Wmk a`rK;k@y @ls ipW mt avnw krv` g l#@V j`wNv` nK lb`@M p#h# arn s>h` y.

v&vS}`vm q a@Nk`k`r @Q\p`lk qhS X`vyK h` Qgk aN l#S gw kr. e@hW ey, v&vS}`v @[ m, r`j&yN bl@yN ph m, p`R@MNv r#v` h#m, h y k`\ m h` sNnQ[ hq`vlt an m yn jn`p blwl sMp`qny krN [`yk p`lny S}`w kr. p`R@MN h` jn`pvrn pvWv a#W@W vsr 5kt vrK pm. v&vS}`v sA@\~[ny mt jnmw mmK av\& n#w: p`R@MN@V @nN @qkk cNqyN ey On$m @m`@h`wk @vnS kr l#y h#k. v&vS}` yLl v# en [nv` wN@Y h` @Q\ `G[n@Y av\&w` q shk kr. ey, ΍p`qn@Y Qgk ay r, "qhS a`rMXkWvy h` v&`p`r klmn`krny" amw kr. "@Q\ a`@y~jny a#qb#> g#@M @k`N@Q S}`w mt" rjy b>v.

nv Svr$p@yN v q m# 20 q` pvr`@mN pvW eKsW j`N@G blpy @h`N y`Wmk v a#w. a|w ز @M h#y`vK q swv eKsW j`N@G hq`-@p`S an @qN@n~, akrn l[`N h` pp`lkyN 2004 m# qKv` ߊ a#w. eKsW j`N@G n#@gnr @m~r a`[`rk @m@hv@R (UNMISET) a@yK k wnr# gt m qrN m a@wN skS kl t h` @p`S hq` @M h` aK;n@Y @y@q a#w. y a@PK;`vN h` a`yN s>h` m aR[-w kvlK @ls pv a#w.

PpWkm, asm`nw`v sh ashny

eKsW j`N@G h` n#@gnr @m~r@Y ak` mhjn ashnyt sh yhpW c`ryt y m# 13 q` W kl eKsW j`N@G m`nv sAvR[n v#d sthN v`Rw`vK, yNwM @d`lR 7.48K vn n#@gnr @m~r@Y v`Rk Ek Qgl ql @Qy ΍p`wy, ey r#vNd`v h` a#N@g~l`v smg ek @plt n @l`v PpWm rtvL 20N ekK bvt pW krn bv p#v y. jnw`v@gN yyt hwhktW v# @qn` nkt \w 55k qw` @R`vktW phN vW @v. adkt v# @qn` ar# @n` qNn` awr lqr#vN@gN yyt 50kt v# @qn` a br @v.

s`m`n& w`rK;`v vsr 56K bvW ڍ@p~;ny a`@Vk bvW m#@Ly`v, @dA un h` K;y @r~gy v# @r~g lX bvW a@nW v`Rw` @pNv` @q. @k`n g a`y`@V @h~ btr p#K kl`p@Y aN kvr w#nktW vd` @qnyK k`Nw`@v~ qr# @Y y y. @s_& phkmkt @h~ kM lW pL @s_& @Sk`vk@G @Svy am`qv l#mt h#y`v a#W@W n#@gnr @m~r kN@gN hw@rN ekktW a m`nykt y. yNnt wrM kRm`NwyK rt sv n#w. jnghn@yN yyt avkt a`sNn m`nyK @b`@h~ @k`tm y#M @g`yN @ls arnN @w`rv @gv. n`gk v`s @n`m#km h` ߿y`v lX awr eKsW j`N@G p#m mN ht g#N k^m M a`Rky pLlM b#mW smg wWvy vd`W nrK v a#w.

p^ s` v^W EjN@Y m$w v`Rw`vK sthN k@L: "k`lkNkm h` [ny ekt pvn @r~[@Y ngryK @ls agvr ߊ @b a#w. qhs l#v q ŵ a`pn \`l`vk s`m`n& k$m @VlK @d`lR 13kt vd` v# q @k~ @k~PpyK @d`lR 1kt ihN q vn n#@gnr @m~ry a`y`@V PpWm rtv a#w. jnghn@Y @b`@h~ @q@nK y#@pN@N nkt \w 50kt a gnn. ngr@Y wvmW v^w jl`pv`hn k` a#w. l`M n#w. @b`@h~ @vS n`\ a#w." yt tw w vd`W nrk y. "@mm s aNw@Y en nrxNnN@G glny q#k g#mt asmW v a#W@W ak`@V iw`m nrk @Q\vl @mN m vn wWvy nrk vn n#@gnr @m~r@Y `y SKkvl vR[ny vn PpWkm" . OS@y` n$N;L V v`Rw`vK sthN k@L y.

vn wWWvyN vsr 15K l vR[ny v @h`W ey q jyhnyK bv k`\ krN wm bl`@p`@r`W b>v ivvNw vn @ls Sn`O n#@gnr @m~r jnw`vN @p`lxv` a#w. e@hW q#ntmW @|;@yNm wr#nyN h` ;&yN awr blvW kl@M h` @Q\p`lk r#Q[Wv@Y sA` a#w. ߿y` rwyN@G @k~p`Nw @plp`, a v#P b> v#d vRjn, eKsW j`Nt e@r @plp` h` @Q\ hq`vNt gL g#M py vsr @qkhm`r r` q#k@gn a#w. iNy` t ak`N smg y`v smg Sn`O agmny krn "sN[`ny"t e@r mhjn @@vry @vN pvn awr @n@Y ak`Wvy h` j`wN @r~ m smg vn ashn@Y @h~v`vN pv. v&vS}`v h` p`R@MNv s>h` m#vrn ivW mt r#Q[v pK; @r~[y pl@k`t a#w.

m# 20 q` uWsvyN pvWv lbN@N q q# a`rK;`v yt@W y. eKsW j`N h` n#@gnr @m~r ak`N yn @qp`R|vym anvsr @plp` sh sNnQ[ kNd`yMvlt e@rv anr# h<v` a#w. iNtRn#;nL @hrLD N mN sM˚ s`kCc` pvWv l# `@Qy l[`y vn m`RL@v~ S mhjn ashny ġ k@L y. o iNy` aLl` g#mt e@rv stN m s` vsr 15K pmn iNy` r@gvLvl gw @k`t a#w. "24 vsrk arglyN pv, @my a@P ny, e@hW mm m@gNmW a@P n`ykyN@gW asN@N @mm qh@S aNwRgwy mK q? y`."

arm#S@M vsrvN pv @k~ apnyny h` sAc`rk kRm`Nwy smg bQ[ @m~r @Q @wL h` g$S avs`n@Y ihl vn wWvyNt pqnm spy a#w# yn a@PK;`v n#@gnr @m~r n`yk@y~ qr`@gn . @Q\ `G[ny aQqv` g#m s>h` kMkr#vN@G @@qk v#P mTtM @d`lR 3kt a`sNnv wb l#b a#w. e@hW [`n a`@y~jny wvmW rS} awr @l~k @k~ l gnN @Vg@yN phw v# a#w. eKsW j`N@G Ky a@mN a# vn a`Rk kMpny mN n#@gnr @m~ry l yyt 0.5k h#mK k#v e a#w# j`a an`v# plkr.

@b`@h~ @sN a\@y~Kyt nAv lbn @wL h` g$S sMpw pv` "vK bv w&K; v a#w. @tR sNrS kl`p@Y a`q`yN yLlm p`@H r>v` g#m @mN m @y~[ b`-uNdN v&`p^@Y t ur# OS@y` d`RN ngry kr` g$S nlvN @gny`m q @h`v`D a`Nvt av\& y. sw&y vN@N, r`jy kr#vNt @gvn q@lN @s`CcmK pmnK pp`lnyt @m~r @Q jnny vn l`Xy sMRn@yNm @g~y @wL sm`gM @vw gl` y a#w yNn .

py vs@R @Qy pw&`gkr#vN jnpqyt @d`lR yn 300kt a`sNn gnnK @p`Mp kl q, eN @b`@h`myK @y`qv l#@V a`Rk h` @l~p`k av\&w` a`rK;` mt . 1999 s#Pw#Mbr@Y t 2004 qKv` @h`v`D a`Nv yqM @k`t @h~ n#@gnr @m~ryt @vN @k`t a# @d`lR yn 3.9N yyt 90kt v# m`nyK k#p@k`t a#W@W t arvlt bv wK@Sr# kr l#@B.

21 vn yv@S a`rMX@Y , n#@gnr @m~ry, j`kv`q@Y a`v^w aNw@Y sh "j`k qhs" b> }&`@V wvW eK @Kqv` uq`hrnyK spy. nv j`kWvy l n#@gnr @m~r jny` n @qN@N PpWkm h` vRw r`k$mt s a@nkkt @n` @V.

qhS @vl> kl`p ӵvN sh j`a h` @l~k b#A a``vN @SN krN aNwR j`k a`@y~jny a#q g#m smg l&`R} bvt "qhs" p#n a#w.

m`y`vN@G p#h#y a vn t sh n#@gnr @m~ry ڍkrWvy q&`m`n vn t, sm`j a`w pN {ww` @Vg@yN v# v a#w. a`Rk h` @Q\p`ln dn@yN s#b$ Ky l<` kr gw h#K@K @m~r@Y, iNy`@V h` smSw kl`p@Y kMkr# pN@Y h` ڱ jnw`vN@G Ek`bQ[ arglyW @g~y [nv` pQ[yt e@rv vR[ny m hrh` pmnK bv wmNt av@b~[ kr g#m mw p`qk @vN, @mm Xy`nk n`\yN N vd`W @Vcn`Wmk S}r iSm m a#r@x a#w.


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